C++ Programming Tutorial for Beginners – Learn C++ Step by Step W3Office.com

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🚀 Introduction to C++

💡 What is C++?
C++ is a high-performance, general-purpose programming language that blends the features of procedural and object-oriented programming. Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979, it’s widely used in system/software development, game engines, real-time simulations, and performance-critical applications.

🎯 Why Learn C++?
Because it teaches you how the computer really works. Want to master memory, performance, and OOP? C++ is the boss. It’s like learning to drive using a manual car—you’ll understand what’s under the hood.

🔧 Applications of C++

🖥️ Operating Systems (Windows, parts of Linux)
🎮 Game Engines (Unreal Engine)
🧭 Embedded Systems
🏦 Banking Systems
🛠️ Compilers

🏗️ Setting Up the C++ Environment

🛠️ Installing a C++ Compiler
Choose based on your OS:

Windows: MinGW, Visual C++
macOS: Xcode Command Line Tools
Linux: g++

🖥️ Setting Up an IDE
Use beginner-friendly IDEs:

💻 Writing Your First Program

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    cout << "Hello, C++ World!";
    return 0;
}

📌 Save as .cpp, compile, and run it — you’re now coding in C++!

🧱 Basic Structure of a C++ Program

🧩 main() Function
Acts as the entry point for execution.

📦 Header Files & Namespaces

#include<iostream> includes input/output.
using namespace std; simplifies code.

🔁 I/O Example

int x;
cin >> x;
cout << "You entered: " << x;

🔤 Variables, Data Types, and Constants

🧮 Declaring Variables

int age = 25;
float pi = 3.14;
char grade = 'A';

📋 Common Data Types

int, float, double, char, bool, string

🔐 Constants

const int MAX = 100;

🔁 Operators and Expressions

➕ Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, %
🔍 Relational: ==, !=, <, >
🧠 Logical: &&, ||, !
🧷 Compound Assignment: +=, -=, *=, etc.

🔄 Control Flow Statements

📘 If-Else

if (x > 0) cout << "Positive";
else cout << "Non-positive";

📚 Switch Case

switch(day) {
  case 1: cout << "Monday"; break;
  default: cout << "Invalid";
}

🔁 Loops

for(int i=0; i<5; i++) cout << i;
while(x > 0) x--;
do { x++; } while(x < 10);

⛔ break exits a loop, continue skips an iteration.

🧠 Functions in C++

🧩 Basic Function

int add(int a, int b) {
    return a + b;
}

🌀 Function Overloading

int sum(int a, int b);
float sum(float a, float b);

🔁 Recursion: Function calling itself.

📦 Arrays and Strings

📚 Array Example

int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

🔤 String Example

string name = "C++";

📎 Methods: .length(), .substr(), .append()

🧰 Pointers in C++

📌 Pointer Basics

int x = 10;
int* p = &x;

📎 Arrays and pointers are closely related.

🔗 Function Pointers: Advanced use cases.

🧱 Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

🚗 Class Example

class Car {
  public:
    string brand;
};

🚀 Inheritance

class Dog : public Animal {};

🌀 Polymorphism, 🔒 Encapsulation, 🎭 Abstraction

🧹 Memory Management

🧠 Dynamic Memory

int* ptr = new int;
delete ptr;

📦 Smart Pointers (unique_ptr, shared_ptr) – safer memory management in C++11+

🧪 File Handling in C++

📄 Write to File

ofstream file("test.txt");
file << "Hello File!";
file.close();

Use <fstream> to read/write files.

🎯 C++ Standard Template Library (STL)

📦 Containers
vector, list, map

🔁 Iterators and Algorithms
begin(), end(), sort(), find()

🔒 Exception Handling

🧪 Try-Catch Example

try {
  throw 20;
} catch (int e) {
  cout << "Error: " << e;
}

📈 Tips to Master C++

✅ Practice daily
✅ Build real projects
✅ Use LeetCode, GeeksforGeeks, HackerRank

🏁 Conclusion

C++ is the foundation of many modern systems and applications. It may be complex, but once mastered, it equips you with powerful low-level and high-level programming skills. Stay consistent, solve problems, and you’ll be fluent in one of the most respected languages in the industry.