➗ C++ Arithmetic Operators – Perform Basic Mathematical Operations

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🧲 Introduction – What Are Arithmetic Operators in C++?

Arithmetic operators in C++ are used to perform basic mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus. These operators work with numeric data types and are essential in calculations, loops, algorithms, and data processing.

🎯 In this guide, you’ll learn:

• List of arithmetic operators
• Syntax and usage examples
• Operator precedence rules
• Common pitfalls and best practices

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➕ List of C++ Arithmetic Operators

Operator	Symbol	Description	Example	Result
Addition	+	Adds two values	a + b	15
Subtraction	-	Subtracts second value from first	a - b	5
Multiplication	*	Multiplies two values	a * b	50
Division	/	Divides numerator by denominator	a / b	2 (int)
Modulus	%	Returns remainder	a % b	0

📌 Where int a = 10; int b = 5;

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✏️ Example – Basic Arithmetic

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int a = 15, b = 4;

    cout << "Addition: " << a + b << endl;
    cout << "Subtraction: " << a - b << endl;
    cout << "Multiplication: " << a * b << endl;
    cout << "Division: " << a / b << endl;
    cout << "Modulus: " << a % b << endl;

    return 0;
}

Output:

Addition: 19  
Subtraction: 11  
Multiplication: 60  
Division: 3  
Modulus: 3  

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🔺 Operator Precedence (High to Low)

1. *, /, %
2. +, -

int result = 10 + 5 * 2;  // 10 + (5 * 2) = 20

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⚠️ Common Mistakes

❌ Mistake	✅ Fix
Division by zero	Ensure denominator is not zero
Integer division with float result	Use typecasting: (float)a / b
Using % with floats	Only works with integers in standard C++

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🔄 Increment and Decrement (Unary Arithmetic)

These are closely related to arithmetic operators:

int x = 5;
x++;  // Post-increment
++x;  // Pre-increment

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📌 Summary – Recap & Next Steps

🔍 Key Takeaways:

• Arithmetic operators perform essential mathematical operations
• % returns remainder and works with integers only
• Operator precedence impacts the result of expressions
• Use typecasting for accurate floating-point division

⚙️ Real-World Relevance:
From calculations in financial systems to physics engines in games, arithmetic operators are core tools in C++ programming.

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❓ FAQs – C++ Arithmetic Operators

❓ Can I use % with float or double in C++?
❌ No. Use fmod() from <cmath> instead.

❓ What happens in integer division?
✅ Decimal parts are truncated. 5 / 2 gives 2.

❓ How to ensure precise division?
✅ Typecast operands:

float result = (float)a / b;

❓ What is the precedence of * and +?
✅ * has higher precedence than +, so it’s evaluated first.

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