📊 C++ Relational Operators – Comparing Values in C++

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🧲 Introduction – What Are Relational Operators?

Relational operators in C++ are used to compare two values or expressions. They return a boolean result (true or false) based on the relationship between operands. These operators are widely used in conditional statements, loops, and logic-based decisions.

🎯 In this guide, you’ll learn:

• List of relational operators in C++
• Syntax and use cases
• Examples in if, while, and for statements
• Common mistakes to avoid

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📘 List of C++ Relational Operators

Operator	Symbol	Description	Example	Result
Equal to	==	True if both operands are equal	a == b	true if a = b
Not equal to	!=	True if operands are not equal	a != b	true if a ≠ b
Greater than	>	True if left operand is greater	a > b	true if a > b
Less than	<	True if left operand is smaller	a < b	true if a < b
Greater or equal	>=	True if left operand ≥ right	a >= b	true if a ≥ b
Less or equal	<=	True if left operand ≤ right	a <= b	true if a ≤ b

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✏️ Example – Relational Operators in Action

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int x = 10, y = 20;

    cout << (x == y) << endl;  // 0 (false)
    cout << (x != y) << endl;  // 1 (true)
    cout << (x < y) << endl;   // 1 (true)
    return 0;
}

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🧪 Relational Operators in Conditional Statements

✅ if Statement

if (age >= 18) {
    cout << "You are eligible to vote.";
}

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🔁 while Loop

while (score < 100) {
    score += 10;
}

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🔁 for Loop

for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
    cout << i << " ";
}

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⚠️ Common Mistakes

❌ Mistake	✅ Fix
Using = instead of ==	if (a == b) compares; a = b assigns
Comparing different types	Cast if needed: if ((float)a == b)
Confusing != and ==	Double-check logic to avoid incorrect conditions

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🧠 Best Practices

• Use parentheses to clarify comparisons in complex expressions
• Always use == for comparison, not =
• Relational operators return 0 (false) or 1 (true)

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📌 Summary – Recap & Next Steps

🔍 Key Takeaways:

• Relational operators are essential for comparing values
• They return true (1) or false (0)
• Commonly used in conditional logic and loops
• Use == carefully to avoid assignment mistakes

⚙️ Real-World Relevance:
These operators drive user authentication, form validation, loop conditions, and game logic in C++ applications.

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❓ FAQs – C++ Relational Operators

❓ What does == do in C++?
✅ Compares two values and returns true if they’re equal.

❓ What’s the difference between == and =?
✅ == is comparison; = is assignment.

❓ Can relational operators be used with floats?
✅ Yes, but beware of precision issues. Prefer fabs(a - b) < epsilon.

❓ Can I chain comparisons like a < b < c?
❌ No. Break it down: a < b && b < c

❓ Do relational operators work on characters?
✅ Yes. 'a' < 'z' returns true based on ASCII values.

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