➕ C# Arithmetic Operators – Perform Mathematical Operations in C#

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🧲 Introduction – Why Use Arithmetic Operators in C#?

Arithmetic operators allow you to perform basic mathematical calculations in C#. These operators are essential for any task involving numbers — whether it’s summing prices, calculating averages, or applying formulas.

🎯 In this guide, you’ll learn:

• The full list of arithmetic operators in C#
• Syntax and usage of each operator
• Code examples with real output
• Best practices and common pitfalls

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🔍 Core Concept – What Are Arithmetic Operators?

Arithmetic operators in C# are symbols that perform mathematical operations on numeric types like int, float, double, and decimal.

🔹 List of Arithmetic Operators:

Operator	Symbol	Description	Example	Result
Addition	+	Adds two values	5 + 3	8
Subtraction	-	Subtracts one from another	5 - 3	2
Multiplication	*	Multiplies two values	5 * 3	15
Division	/	Divides one by another	6 / 3	2
Modulus	%	Returns the remainder	5 % 3	2
Unary Plus	+x	Positive sign (usually implicit)	+5	5
Unary Minus	-x	Negates a value	-5	-5

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💻 Code Example – Arithmetic in Action

using System;

class ArithmeticDemo
{
    static void Main()
    {
        int a = 10;
        int b = 3;

        Console.WriteLine($"Addition: {a + b}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Subtraction: {a - b}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Multiplication: {a * b}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Division: {a / b}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Modulus: {a % b}");
    }
}

📤 Output:

Addition: 13  
Subtraction: 7  
Multiplication: 30  
Division: 3  
Modulus: 1

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🧮 Data Type Compatibility

Data Type	Supported Arithmetic Ops
int	All arithmetic ops
double	All, including decimals
decimal	Precise finance/math use
byte, short	Requires type casting

⚠️ Note: Integer division (int / int) drops the decimal. Use double or float for decimal results.

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🔁 Compound Assignments

You can combine arithmetic with assignment:

int x = 10;
x += 5;  // Same as x = x + 5;
x *= 2;  // Same as x = x * 2;

📘 Best Practice: Use compound assignment for cleaner, more concise code.

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💡 Tips, Pitfalls & Best Practices

💡 Tip: Use decimal for financial calculations to avoid floating-point precision errors.

⚠️ Pitfall: Dividing integers truncates decimals — use double to preserve fractions.

📘 Best Practice: Always validate input before performing arithmetic to avoid divide-by-zero exceptions.

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🛠️ Use Cases – Where Arithmetic Is Used

• Calculating totals, discounts, or interest
• Performing scientific or statistical computations
• Loop counters and mathematical formulas
• Processing sensor or numeric input data

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📌 Summary – Recap & Next Steps

Arithmetic operators are at the core of mathematical operations in C#. They apply to nearly every application involving numbers and can be combined for more complex expressions.

🔍 Key Takeaways:

• C# supports addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus
• Use double or decimal for fractional and precise calculations
• Watch out for integer division and divide-by-zero errors

⚙️ Coming up: Learn about ➕ C# Assignment Operators for updating variable values efficiently.

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❓ FAQ – C# Arithmetic Operators

❓ What is the modulus operator used for in C#?
✅ The % operator returns the remainder of a division, e.g., 10 % 3 returns 1.

❓ What happens when dividing two integers in C#?
✅ The result is truncated to an integer (e.g., 5 / 2 = 2). Use 5.0 / 2 for 2.5.

❓ Can I use arithmetic with decimals or floats?
✅ Yes, but be cautious of rounding issues with float and double. Prefer decimal for accuracy.

❓ What is a unary minus operator?
✅ It negates a number, e.g., -5 is the unary minus of 5.

❓ Are arithmetic operators overloaded in C#?
✅ Yes. You can overload arithmetic operators for custom types using operator overloading.

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