📘 PHP Cheatsheet – The Ultimate Guide (2025 Edition)

Quick Access to PHP Syntax, Functions, and Common Use Cases

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🚀 Introduction – Why Use a PHP Cheatsheet?

PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open-source server-side scripting language especially suited for web development. Whether you’re building simple websites or complex content management systems like WordPress, having a PHP cheatsheet helps you:

• Save time with quick syntax reminders
• Boost productivity with ready-to-use code
• Avoid common mistakes in functions and structures

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🧱 PHP Basics

✅ PHP Syntax

<?php
echo "Hello, World!";
?>

✅ PHP Tags

• <?php ... ?> – Standard opening/closing tag
• <?= ... ?> – Shortcut for echo

✅ Variables

$name = "John";
$age = 25;

✅ Constants

define("SITE_NAME", "Tech369HUB");

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🔁 Control Structures

✅ If, Else, Elseif

if ($age > 18) {
    echo "Adult";
} elseif ($age == 18) {
    echo "Just became an adult";
} else {
    echo "Minor";
}

✅ Switch

switch ($day) {
    case "Monday":
        echo "Start of week";
        break;
    default:
        echo "Another day";
}

✅ Loops

// For Loop
for ($i = 0; $i < 5; $i++) {
    echo $i;
}

// While Loop
while ($i < 5) {
    echo $i++;
}

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🧮 Operators

✅ Arithmetic

$sum = $a + $b;

✅ Comparison

$a == $b
$a === $b
$a != $b

✅ Logical

$a && $b
$a || $b
!$a

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🧰 Functions

✅ Define a Function

function greet($name) {
    return "Hello, $name!";
}

✅ Built-in Functions

strlen("PHP"); // 3
strtoupper("php"); // PHP

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📂 Arrays

✅ Indexed Arrays

$colors = ["red", "green", "blue"];

✅ Associative Arrays

$person = ["name" => "John", "age" => 30];

✅ Array Functions

count($colors);
array_push($colors, "yellow");
array_merge($arr1, $arr2);

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📄 Strings

✅ Concatenation

$fullName = $firstName . " " . $lastName;

✅ String Functions

strlen($str);
str_replace("old", "new", $str);
substr($str, 0, 5);

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📥 Forms & $_GET/$_POST

$name = $_POST['name'];
$search = $_GET['search'];

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🗃️ File Handling

$file = fopen("file.txt", "r");
$content = fread($file, filesize("file.txt"));
fclose($file);

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🔐 Sessions & Cookies

✅ Session

session_start();
$_SESSION["user"] = "John";

✅ Cookie

setcookie("user", "John", time() + 3600);

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🌐 PHP with MySQL

✅ Connect to MySQL

$conn = mysqli_connect("localhost", "user", "pass", "database");

✅ Run a Query

$result = mysqli_query($conn, "SELECT * FROM users");

✅ Fetch Data

while ($row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result)) {
    echo $row['username'];
}

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🛑 Error Handling

try {
    // code
} catch (Exception $e) {
    echo 'Caught exception: ', $e->getMessage();
}

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⚙️ PHP Superglobals

Superglobal	Description
$_GET	Data from URL parameters
$_POST	Data from forms
$_SESSION	Session data
$_COOKIE	Cookies
$_SERVER	Server info
$_FILES	File upload data

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🔍 Common PHP Commands

Task	Command
Print/Output	echo, print
Terminate Script	exit(), die()
Check Variable Set	isset($var)
Check Variable Empty	empty($var)
Include File	include('file.php')
Require File	require('file.php')

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🧠 Tips & Best Practices

• Always sanitize user inputs (htmlspecialchars, filter_input)
• Use prepared statements for SQL queries
• Prefer === over == for strict comparison
• Keep error reporting on in dev: error_reporting(E_ALL);
• Use Composer for managing dependencies

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🧾 Useful PHP Resources

• 🌐 PHP Manual
• 🧰 PHP The Right Way
• 🛠️ PHP Sandbox

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📌 Final Thoughts

A PHP cheatsheet is essential for fast development and avoiding repetitive Google searches. Bookmark this guide and refer back whenever you’re coding in PHP — it’ll keep your development efficient, accurate, and enjoyable.

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