Python Syllabus – Beginner to Intermediate (2025 Edition)
Module 1: Python Basics & Setup
| Topic | Learning Goals |
|---|
| Introduction to Python | What is Python, history, and real-world applications |
| Installing Python (Win/Mac/Linux) | Setup environment, verify installation, use pip |
| Python Interpreter Modes | Interactive mode (REPL) vs Script mode |
| Writing Your First Program | print("Hello, World!") |
| Python Editors/IDEs | IDLE, VS Code, PyCharm setup |
Module 2: Python Syntax and Constructs
| Topic | Learning Goals |
|---|
| Python Syntax & Indentation | Code blocks, whitespace, structure |
| Python Comments | Single-line and multi-line comments |
| Variables & Data Types | int, float, string, boolean |
| Type Casting & Conversion | int(), str(), float() |
| Python Literals | Numeric, string, boolean, special literals (None) |
| Unicode and Encoding | UTF-8, Unicode strings |
Module 3: Operators & User Input
| Topic | Learning Goals |
|---|
| Arithmetic Operators | +, -, *, /, **, %, // |
| Comparison Operators | ==, !=, <, >, <=, >= |
| Logical Operators | and, or, not |
| Assignment Operators | =, +=, -=, etc. |
| Bitwise, Membership, Identity | &, ` |
| User Input and Input Casting | input() function, converting input types |
Module 4: Control Flow (Decision Making & Loops)
| Topic | Learning Goals |
|---|
if, else, elif | Conditional logic and nesting |
| Match-case (Python 3.10+) | New pattern matching syntax |
for and while loops | Iterating over sequences |
range(), enumerate(), zip() | Loop helpers |
| Loop Control | break, continue, pass |
| Nested Loops & for-else | Advanced loop structures |
Module 5: Functions and Scope
| Topic | Learning Goals |
|---|
| Defining Functions | def syntax, docstrings |
| Arguments and Parameters | Positional, default, keyword, *args, **kwargs |
| Return Values | return statements |
| Variable Scope | LEGB rule (Local, Enclosing, Global, Built-in) |
| Lambda Functions | Anonymous one-liners |
| Recursion | Function calling itself |
Module 6: Data Structures
| Topic | Learning Goals |
|---|
| Strings | Indexing, slicing, methods (split, join) |
| Lists | Creating, indexing, modifying, list methods |
| Tuples | Immutable sequences, unpacking |
| Dictionaries (dict) | Key-value pairs, accessing, updating |
| Sets | Unique values, set operations |
| Comprehensions | List, set, and dict comprehensions |
Module 7: File Handling
| Topic | Learning Goals |
|---|
| Reading and Writing Files | open(), read(), write(), with statement |
| File Modes | "r", "w", "a", "x", "b" |
| Working with CSV and Text Files | Line reading, looping through files |
| Exception Handling with Files | Try-except blocks during I/O operations |
Module 8: Error Handling and Debugging
| Topic | Learning Goals |
|---|
try, except | Handling exceptions safely |
finally, else clauses | Optional exception structure |
| Built-in Exceptions | Common ones: ValueError, TypeError, IndexError |
| Creating Custom Exceptions | Subclassing Exception |
| Debugging Tips | Using print(), IDE debuggers |
Module 9: Modules and Packages
| Topic | Learning Goals |
|---|
| Importing Modules | import, from, as |
| Built-in Modules | math, random, os, sys, datetime |
| Third-party Packages | Installing with pip, using requests, etc. |
| Creating Your Own Modules | Saving and reusing your own .py files |
__main__ and Script Entry | Understanding script behavior |
Module 10: Virtual Environments and pip
| Topic | Learning Goals |
|---|
| Virtual Environments | venv usage, activating, deactivating |
| Dependency Management | pip install, freeze, requirements.txt |
| Isolated Projects | Preventing conflicts with venv |
| pipx, pipenv (Optional) | Advanced package management |
Bonus / Optional Topics (Advanced Prep)
| Topic | Covered Concepts |
|---|
| Object-Oriented Python (OOP) | Classes, inheritance, self, __init__ |
| JSON and APIs | json module, making API calls with requests |
| Regex (Regular Expressions) | re module basics |
| Basics of Unit Testing | unittest, writing basic test cases |
| Intro to Jupyter & Notebooks | Data science workflows |
FAQs – Python Syllabus
What topics are covered in a basic Python syllabus?
A beginner Python syllabus usually includes:
- Installation and setup
- Syntax and variables
- Control flow (if, loops)
- Data types and structures (list, dict, etc.)
- Functions
- File handling
- Exception handling
- Modules and package management
How long does it take to learn Python?
With consistent effort, beginners can:
- Understand basics in 2–4 weeks
- Cover intermediate topics in 2–3 months
- Build real projects within 3–6 months
Do I need to learn object-oriented programming (OOP) in Python?
OOP is not required for beginners but is recommended as you move toward intermediate Python. Topics include:
- Classes
- Objects
- Inheritance
__init__, self
What tools should I use when learning Python?
Common beginner tools include:
- IDLE or Thonny for absolute beginners
- VS Code or PyCharm for serious development
- Jupyter Notebooks for data science
Do I need to learn pip and virtual environments?
Yes, for project and package management. They help:
- Install third-party packages
- Isolate dependencies using
venv - Reproduce environments via
requirements.txt
Should I practice by building projects?
Absolutely. Projects solidify what you’ve learned. Example beginner projects:
- Calculator
- To-do list app
- Simple chatbot
- File organizer script
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